Macconnelli: From top to bottom: ML14505: Guyana, Mark Robbins ML11602: Suriname, Thomas Davis. This voice can be heard in the Guianas, the Amazon Basin and the Atlantic Forest. Song is a series of 5–9 rather subdued hoots (with some variation, see below). Virgata: From top to bottom: XC97077 : Tumbes, Peru, Dan Lane XC261651: Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Olaf Jahn XC244982: Magdalena Valley, Colombia, Oscar Marín XC230095: Carabobo, Venezuela, Peter Boesman XC11528: Monagas, Venezuela, Doug Knapp. Tamaulipensis: From top to bottom: XC58055: Tamaulipas, Mexico, Jon King XC28882: Tamaulipas, Mexico, Dan Lane.Ĭentralis: From top to bottom: XC230092: Chiapas, Mexico, Peter Boesman XC76718: Guatemala, Doug Knapp XC274426: Costa Rica, Peter Boesman. Squamulata: From top to bottom: XC2300099 : Colima, Mexico, Peter Boesman XC170476: Nayarit, Mexico, Erik Peñaloza. This voice can be heard in Middle America, Pacific South America (south to NW Peru) and NW South America illustrated in the following examples grouped by (presumed) subspecies (for multiple sonograms see the pdf version of this Ornithological Note): Song is a series of typically 4–9 short emphatic sharply overslurred hoots. The available recordings suggest that there are two distinct vocal groups. I have made use of sound recordings available online at Xeno Canto (XC) and the Macaulay Library (ML). I also try to quantify the extent of any vocal differences using the criteria proposed by Tobias et al. In the following text, I briefly analyze and compare the voice of the different races of Mottled Owl ( Ciccaba virgata).
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